{"id":8065,"date":"2026-06-26T02:25:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T02:25:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/?p=8065"},"modified":"2026-06-26T02:25:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T02:25:28","slug":"complete-guide-to-pcb-manufacturing-costs-core-factors-cost-optimization-strategies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/hi\/complete-guide-to-pcb-manufacturing-costs-core-factors-cost-optimization-strategies\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0917\u093e\u0907\u0921: \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u0947\u0921 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 (PCB) \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092c\u091c\u091f \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u091a\u0941\u0928\u094c\u0924\u0940 \u0930\u0939\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0915, \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0921\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 (NPI) \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0915 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u094b\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e PCB \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/p>\n

\u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u090f\u0915 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0915\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u2014 \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0932\u0917-\u0905\u0932\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0940\u0938\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0948\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2014 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 (TCO) \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0917\u0940\u0964.<\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

1. \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0915<\/h2>\n

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\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915<\/th>\n\u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935<\/th>\n\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u091f\u093f\u092a\u094d\u0938<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
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\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u092a\u0926\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0925 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td>\n\u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 FR-4 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902; \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-Tg, \u0939\u0948\u0932\u094b\u091c\u0928-\u092e\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092f\u093e \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947<\/td>\n\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/td>\n\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942-\u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0902; \u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936<\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n\u0938\u0940\u0938\u093e-\u0930\u0939\u093f\u0924 HASL \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u094d\u0920 \u0939\u0948; \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928-\u092a\u093f\u091a BGA \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f ENIG \u092f\u093e \u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923<\/td>\n\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/td>\n\u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u092a\u0925\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902; \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

1.1 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e<\/h3>\n

\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u094c\u0924\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u092c\u0930\u0917\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092b\u0949\u092f\u0932 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u092a\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b-\u0924\u0930\u092b\u093e \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u093e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0935\u0947 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u092c\u0928 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 4-\u092a\u0930\u0924, 8-\u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f HDI \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0918\u093e\u0924\u0940\u092f \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0932\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0947\u0916\u0923 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0932\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n

1.2 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928<\/h3>\n

\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 FR-4 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0936\u0940\u0932\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0902\u0936 \u0909\u092a\u092d\u094b\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0924\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b \u092f\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f RF \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b, \u0924\u094b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-Tg FR-4, PTFE, \u092a\u0949\u0932\u0940\u0907\u092e\u093e\u0907\u0921 (\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0921-\u092b\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f), \u092f\u093e \u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932-\u0915\u094b\u0930 (\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\/\u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930) \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 FR-4 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u091b \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 FR-4 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0908 \u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n

1.3 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n

\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0916\u0941\u0932\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0911\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u0940\u0921-\u092b\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0939\u0949\u091f \u090f\u092f\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u0932\u0947\u0935\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 (HASL) \u0915\u092e-\u092c\u091c\u091f \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092b\u093e\u092f\u0924\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0901\u0915\u093f, \u092f\u0926\u093f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930 BGA \u092f\u093e QFP \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092b\u093e\u0907\u0928-\u092a\u093f\u091a \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0924\u094b HASL \u0938\u0924\u0939\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u091c\u0949\u0907\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u093f\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092a\u0948\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0924\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935\u0938\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u0932 \u0907\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0917\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 (ENIG) \u092f\u093e OSP \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u092a\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

1.4 \u0935\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932\u0924\u093e<\/h3>\n

\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0928\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0918\u093f\u0938\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942-\u0939\u094b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092a\u0915\u094d\u0935 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0907\u0902\u091f\u0930\u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f (HDI) \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u0947\u091c\u0930-\u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u092e\u093e\u0907\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0935\u093f\u092f\u093e, \u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u0948\u092e\u093f\u0928\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u091c\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094c\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u092f\u0928 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0909\u092a\u091c \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a \u0926\u094b\u0917\u0941\u0928\u093e \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

1.5 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/h3>\n

\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0947\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u0935\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u092b\u0940 \u092c\u0922\u093c\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0917\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0940 \u091a\u094c\u0921\u093c\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0921\u093e\u0907\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093f\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0932 \u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0907\u092e\u094d\u092a\u0940\u0921\u0947\u0902\u0938 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

2. \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917: \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u091a\u0930<\/h2>\n

\u0915\u0908 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0923\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0928 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0916\u0930\u094d\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0926\u0947\u0916\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u091a\u092f\u0928, \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0939\u0940 \u0935\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u091a\u0930 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

2.1 \u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926<\/h3>\n

\u0915\u0908 \u0915\u0902\u092a\u0928\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0915\u0902\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0928\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932) \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0938\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0915\u093f \u0907\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094c\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0948\u0928\u0932\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u0915\u0932\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092d\u0940 \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0924\u093e \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 (BOM) \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0902\u092d\u093e\u0932\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u0932\u0947\u0906\u0909\u091f \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924, PartsMastery \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f 100% \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0916\u094d\u0924 \u0907\u0928\u0915\u092e\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u091c\u094b\u0921\u093c\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0939\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

2.2 SMT \u0914\u0930 THT \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930<\/h3>\n

\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092e\u093e\u0909\u0902\u091f \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 (SMT) \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u0939\u091c\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092a\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092a\u0930\u0940\u0924, \u0925\u094d\u0930\u0942-\u0939\u094b\u0932 \u091f\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0928\u094b\u0932\u0949\u091c\u0940 (THT) \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u092e\u0948\u0928\u0941\u0905\u0932 \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0938\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0947\u0935 \u0938\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0939\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0930\u0939\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0915\u093f\u091f \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 THT \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0932\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0916\u0928\u0940\u092f \u0915\u092e\u0940 \u0906 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

3. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0935\u093f\u092d\u0947\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/h2>\n

\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 NPI \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928\u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930 \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928, \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u0902\u092d\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u0947\u0936\u0947\u0935\u0930 \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0906\u0930\u090f\u0902\u0921\u0921\u0940 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932\u094d\u0926\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0926\u094b\u0939\u0930\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0926\u094d\u092f\u092a\u093f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0930\u094b\u0915\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092e\u0926\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u093f\u0936\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093e\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0930\u0939\u0940 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u091f\u0940\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0940\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e (MOQ) \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927 \u0915\u0947, 12 \u0918\u0902\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u093f\u0924\u0928\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u092e\u0947\u0902 PCB \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u092e-\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0938\u0924\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u0947 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0907\u0938 \u092c\u0940\u091a, \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 DFM \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0940 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0906\u0909\u091f \u0915\u0940 \u0916\u093e\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0903\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

4. \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e\u090f\u0901: NPI \u0932\u0949\u0928\u094d\u091a \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917<\/h2>\n

\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0915\u0940 \u092c\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u094b\u0921\u093c\u0928\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0916\u093e\u091a\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u092a\u0939\u0941\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e-\u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0928 \u0915\u093f \u092c\u093f\u0916\u0930\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u092a\u0948\u091a\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0915 \u0915\u0940\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928, \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923, \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940\u090f \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u2014 \u091c\u093f\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0940\u090f\u0928\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917, 3\u0921\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0902\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u0940\u091f \u092e\u0947\u091f\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0938\u0902\u0938\u094d\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u2014 \u0915\u094b \u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0915\u0932 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0935\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u0915\u0940 \u0925\u0915\u093e\u090a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0902\u0921-\u091f\u0942-\u090f\u0902\u0921 ODM\/NPI \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u092e\u0949\u0921\u0932 \u0928 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u092c\u0932\u094d\u0915\u093f \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0930\u0924\u093e \u092d\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093e\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0906\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

PartsMastery \u0915\u093e AI-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0924\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0932\u094b\u0915\u0928 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 BOM \u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0924\u0903 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0924\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0927 \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 R&D \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u092e\u0928\u094d\u0935\u092f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0941\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

5. \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928: \u0905\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0923<\/h2>\n

\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093e\u092a\u0938\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0935\u093f\u092b\u0932\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0901\u0917\u0947 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0947 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092d\u093f\u0915 \u091a\u0930\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u091a\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930\u0930\u093e\u0937\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092b\u0932 \u0915\u0940 \u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u090f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0938\u0941\u0935\u093f\u0927\u093e\u090f\u0901 IPC \u0915\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938 2\/3 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 ISO 9001 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, IATF 16949 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, ISO 13485 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0938\u093e \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940, \u0914\u0930 ISO 14001 \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0908 \u0906\u0927\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u093e\u0923\u092a\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0916\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a\u0924\u092e \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u093e\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0902, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0940\u0930\u094d\u0918\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u093f\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

6. \u0905\u0915\u094d\u0938\u0930 \u092a\u0942\u091b\u0947 \u091c\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0936\u094d\u0928<\/h2>\n

6.1 \u092e\u0948\u0902 \u0915\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u0940 \u0922\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u092e \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0942\u0901?<\/h3>\n

\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u092d\u0942\u0924 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0926\u0947\u0936\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 FR-4 \u0938\u092c\u094d\u0938\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0947\u091f, 1.6 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0930\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0930\u093e\u0909\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u093e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u092a\u0930\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0916\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924, \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u091a\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u091c\u092c \u0924\u0915 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0941\u0932 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928 \u0939\u094b, \u092c\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0930\u0947\u0921 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0907\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u0939\u0924\u094d\u0935\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0926\u092e \u0939\u0948 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u093e\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u092a\u0941\u0928\u0930\u093e\u0935\u0943\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e \u092c\u093f\u0902\u0926\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u092b\u094d\u0924 DFM \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e\u0964.<\/p>\n

6.2 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u092a\u0940\u0938\u0940\u092c\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u0940\u092e\u0924 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092d\u093e\u0935\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n

\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0916\u093e\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e, \u0911\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u0928\u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0947\u0928\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u092f\u0939\u093e\u0902 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u093f \u0936\u093f\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0940 \u092c\u0926\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092a\u0921\u093c\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0924\u093f\u0930\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 \u0932\u0917\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u090f\u0915 \u090f\u0906\u0908-\u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0923\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f, \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0917\u0924\u093f\u0936\u0940\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0921\u093f\u0932\u0940\u0935\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0939\u0940 \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u094b \u0909\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0924\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0915\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915 NPI \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0942\u091a\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u0938\u0902\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0939\u0947\u0964.<\/p>\n

6.3 \u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0909\u091f\u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948?<\/h3>\n

\u0906\u092e \u0924\u094c\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u093e\u092e\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0932\u0917 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0932\u0947\u0915\u093f\u0928 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0908 \u0932\u0949\u091c\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u091c\u094b\u0916\u093f\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u091b\u093f\u092a\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u2014 \u090f\u0915 \u0939\u0940 \u091a\u093f\u092a \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0947\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0920\u092a \u0939\u094b \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0921\u093e\u0909\u0928\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092e \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

PartsMastery \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u0948\u0936\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0938\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u091a\u0941\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u092a \u0916\u0930\u0940\u0926 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e, \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0923\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u093e\u0930\u0902\u091f\u0940 \u0915\u093e \u0932\u093e\u092d \u0909\u0920\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0941\u0932 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u094d\u0935\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0924\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0938\u0941\u0928\u093f\u0936\u094d\u091a\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0915\u094d\u092f\u093e \u0906\u092a \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 PCB \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u091b\u093f\u092a\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0916\u0924\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0947 NPI \u0938\u092e\u092f-\u0938\u0947-\u092c\u093e\u091c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b \u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u091a\u093e\u0939\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902? \u0916\u0902\u0921\u093f\u0924 \u0906\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0924\u093f \u0936\u094d\u0930\u0943\u0902\u0916\u0932\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0915\u0908 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0902\u0917\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u092e\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u093e\u0938 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u092c\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u092c\u0902\u0926 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964 \u0906\u092a \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 Gerber \u092b\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u0914\u0930 BOM \u0938\u0942\u091a\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901 PartsMastery \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u092b\u093c\u0949\u0930\u094d\u092e \u092a\u0930 \u0905\u092a\u0932\u094b\u0921 \u0915\u0930 \u0938\u0915\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0938\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e \u0924\u0941\u0930\u0902\u0924 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0941\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u0947\u0936\u0928 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0917\u093e, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u092e\u093e\u0930\u0947 \u0935\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u091c\u094d\u091e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0936\u0941\u0930\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0935\u0943\u0926\u094d\u0927\u093f \u0915\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092c\u0928\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u092e\u0938\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0939\u091a\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930 \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0939\u0947\u0902 \u0939\u0932 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u093f\u0903\u0936\u0941\u0932\u094d\u0915 DFM \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0917\u0947\u0964.<\/p>\n

\u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u094b\u0930\u094d\u0921 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u0915\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u0905\u0938\u0947\u0902\u092c\u0932\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0935\u0928-\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0949\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092c\u0902\u0927\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925, \u0906\u091c \u0939\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0915\u094d\u0915\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0947\u0902\u0964.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In electronic hardware development, calculating the full cost of printed circuit board (PCB) production has long been a complex challenge for project budgeting. From bare board fabrication to final assembly, various hidden costs often exceed initial estimates, leaving hardware engineers and New Product Introduction (NPI) procurement managers wondering: what is the real cost of a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":8069,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[387,389,390,386,388],"class_list":["post-8065","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-design-for-manufacturing","tag-hardware-development","tag-npi-management","tag-pcb-cost-control","tag-pcba-assembly"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nComplete Guide to PCB Manufacturing Costs: Core Factors & Cost Optimization Strategies -PartsMastery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/hi\/complete-guide-to-pcb-manufacturing-costs-core-factors-cost-optimization-strategies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Complete Guide to PCB Manufacturing Costs: Core Factors & Cost Optimization Strategies -PartsMastery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In electronic hardware development, calculating the full cost of printed circuit board (PCB) production has long been a complex challenge for project budgeting. 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