{"id":7413,"date":"2026-06-03T06:08:29","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T06:08:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/?p=7413"},"modified":"2026-06-03T06:53:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T06:53:19","slug":"mainstream-metal-casting-processes-mechanism-quantitative-parameter-comparison-engineering-selection-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/hi\/mainstream-metal-casting-processes-mechanism-quantitative-parameter-comparison-engineering-selection-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901: \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
<\/div>\n
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\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0902, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0938\u0902\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0938 \u0915\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932\u0924\u093e\u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0935\u0915 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092f\u0939 \u0932\u0947\u0916 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u0935\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u0940\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 11 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915\u0947\u0902<\/strong>. \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0947\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930, \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0932\u093e\u092d\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0928\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902, \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u090f\u0915 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/strong> \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0926\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n

1. \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u093e\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092f\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0935\u093e\u0939<\/h2>\n
\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0914\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0915\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0932\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0935\u093f\u0927\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u094c\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940<\/strong> \u0914\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092d\u0930\u093e\u0908 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0930\u0915 \u0936\u0915\u094d\u0924\u093f<\/strong>:<\/div>\n
\u0906\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0948\u092f\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u2192 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u093e\u0928\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u092d\u0930\u0928\u093e \u2192 \u0920\u0902\u0921\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u093e \u2192 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \u0916\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0902\u0924\u093f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0935\u0930\u094d\u0927\u0928<\/div>\n
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\n<\/div>\n

2. 11 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0935\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0932\u0947\u0937\u0923<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

2.1 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915 \u092c\u093e\u0930 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092c\u093e\u0907\u0902\u0921\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0938\u093f\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e-\u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0932 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0938\u092c\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0939\u0941\u092e\u0941\u0916\u0940 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u092a\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u0917\u092f\u093e \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0924\u0930\u0940\u0915\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u0908 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902, \u0907\u0938\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091f\u093e\u0907\u091f\u0947\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0902\u0915 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0926\u094b\u0937 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0916\u0941\u0930\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0905\u0932\u093e\u0909\u0902\u0938\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0907\u0902\u091c\u0928 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0949\u0915, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0939\u0947\u0921, \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0948\u0902\u0915\u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928 \u091f\u0942\u0932 \u092c\u0947\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2.2 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u092f\u0939 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u093e\u0907\u091f \u0938\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u091c\u094d\u092f \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0932 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0915\u094b \u092d\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0924\u0915\u0928\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u0947 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924, \u0907\u0938 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u094b \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0941\u0928: \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0924\u0947\u091c\u093c \u0920\u094b\u0938\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0918\u0928 \u0938\u0942\u0915\u094d\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092f\u093e \u0917\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\/\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928, \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u092a\u093e\u0907\u092a \u092b\u093f\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0935\u094d\u0939\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0902\u0915, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2.3 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u093e\u092c \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0938\u0930 \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0926\u094b \u0936\u093e\u0916\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093e\u091c\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948: \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0926\u093e\u092c \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (HPDC) \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0917\u0924\u093f \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0917 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948; \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928-\u0926\u093e\u092c \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (LPDC) \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0930\u0932 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0915\u092e \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u092a\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u092a\u094b\u0938\u094d\u091f-\u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0938\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0964 \u0939\u093e\u0932\u093e\u0902\u0915\u093f, \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u093e\u0938, \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0939\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0921\u0935\u0947\u092f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u092d\u093e\u0930-\u0935\u093e\u0939\u0915 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0964.<\/div>\n

2.4 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 (\u0932\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908)<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0938\u093f\u0930\u0947\u092e\u093f\u0915 \u0936\u0947\u0932 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u094b\u092e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0939\u0932\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u092e \u0915\u094b \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932 \u0926\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u090f\u0915 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f, \u090f\u0915\u092c\u093e\u0930\u0917\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0921\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0915\u094b\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u0905\u0932\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u093e-\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 90\u00b0 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u0927\u0947 \u0915\u094b\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0909\u0926\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0917-\u0905\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0924\u0925\u093e \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0905\u0932\u0949\u092f \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0922\u093e\u0932\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0920\u093f\u0928 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0932\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0936\u094d\u0930\u092e \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915, \u092e\u094b\u091f\u0930\u0938\u093e\u0907\u0915\u093f\u0932 \u092c\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0915 \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915, \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u092f\u093e\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u092f\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2.5 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930-\u0911\u092b\u093c-\u092a\u0947\u0930\u093f\u0938 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0923\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u090a\u0937\u094d\u092e\u0940\u092f \u091a\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0927\u0940\u092e\u093e \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u091a\u093f\u0915\u0928\u093e\u0908 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e, 1 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0924\u0915 \u0905\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0916\u0902\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0915\u092e\u091c\u094b\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927 \u0915\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0939\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0928\u0915\u0940 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e \u0915\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0905\u092a\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0909\u092a\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940-\u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0932\u093f\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915, \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u0922\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0964.<\/div>\n

<\/h3>\n

2.6 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0918\u0942\u092e\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092d\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u094b \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u092c\u0932 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0902\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u091a\u093f\u092a\u0915\u093e\u0915\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0930 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923, \u0905\u0930\u094d\u0927-\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0914\u0930 \u090a\u0930\u094d\u0927\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0927\u0930 \u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092e\u093f\u0932 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0918\u0928\u0924\u094d\u0935 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0926\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0926\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u0939\u093e\u092f\u0924\u093e \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e \u092f\u0939 \u0939\u0948 \u0915\u093f \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092c\u0941\u0936, \u0938\u093f\u0932\u0947\u0902\u0921\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u0930, \u092a\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0928 \u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917, \u0915\u094d\u0932\u091a \u0921\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0915 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0935\u0932\u092f\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e \u092f\u093e \u092c\u0947\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2.7 \u0932\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n
\u0932\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0908\u092a\u0940\u090f\u0938 \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0917\u094d\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0915\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0938\u0947 \u0906\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0942\u0916\u0940 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0926\u092b\u0928\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0930 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092b\u094b\u092e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u094b \u0935\u093e\u0937\u094d\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0932\u093e\u0907\u0928\u094b\u0902 \u092f\u093e \u092b\u094d\u0932\u0948\u0936 \u092c\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093c \u0915\u0947 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092d\u0930\u0915\u0930 \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0921\u093f\u091c\u093c\u093e\u0907\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u0924\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u092a\u0930\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0930\u0923-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0935\u091a\u094d\u091b \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928, \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u092e \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f \u0938\u0947 \u0917\u094d\u0930\u0938\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940\u091c\u093c, \u092b\u093e\u092f\u0930 \u0939\u093e\u0907\u0921\u094d\u0930\u0947\u0902\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0921\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0906\u092f\u0930\u0928\/\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938\u0964.<\/div>\n

2.8 \u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0915\u093e\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915-\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0915\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948 \u0924\u093e\u0915\u093f \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092b\u0901\u0938\u0940 \u0917\u0948\u0938 \u0915\u094b \u0928\u093f\u0915\u093e\u0932\u0915\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0947\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0915\u092e \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0935\u0947\u0932\u094d\u0921\u0928\u0940\u092f\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u092a-\u0909\u092a\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e, \u0905\u0924\u093f-\u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0964 \u0907\u0938\u0915\u0947 \u0928\u0941\u0915\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092e\u0939\u0902\u0917\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0924\u093f\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u0905\u0935\u0927\u093f \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u091a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917, \u090f\u092f\u0930\u094b\u0938\u094d\u092a\u0947\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0939\u0932\u094d\u0915\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915, \u0914\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0907\u0932\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0928\u093f\u0915 \u0906\u0935\u0930\u0923\u0964.<\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

2.9 \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 (\u0924\u0930\u0932 \u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917)<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0930 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948 \u091c\u094b \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u0902\u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0940 \u0939\u0941\u0908 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u093e\u0926, \u0920\u094b\u0938 \u0939\u094b\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u0947 \u0926\u094c\u0930\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0932\u0917\u093e\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930-\u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u092b\u094b\u0930\u094d\u091c\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0918\u0928\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e \u090f\u0915\u0940\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0939\u094b \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u092f\u0939 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0915\u0941\u091a\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0926\u0930\u093e\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0926\u094b\u0937\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u0942\u0930\u0940 \u0924\u0930\u0939 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u092e\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0915\u0930 \u0926\u0947\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924\u0940 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0915\u093f\u0938\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0915\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u0915\u092e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u093f-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0928\u093f\u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u0923 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u0938\u0941\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0937\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0928\u0915\u0932\u094d\u0938, \u091a\u0947\u0938\u093f\u0938 \u092b\u094d\u0930\u0947\u092e, \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u0947 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u0964.<\/div>\n

<\/h3>\n

2.10 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u093f\u0918\u0932\u0947 \u0939\u0941\u090f \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u0915\u094b \u091c\u0932-\u0936\u0940\u0924\u0932 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0932\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u092f\u0902\u0924\u094d\u0930\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u0939\u093e\u0901 \u092c\u093e\u0939\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u092d\u0940\u0924\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0920\u094b\u0938\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092c\u093f\u0928\u093e \u0930\u0941\u0915\u093e\u0935\u091f \u090f\u0915\u0938\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0940 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u094d\u0924 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0947\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0902\u091a\u093e\u0932\u0928, \u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u092a\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092f \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u0926\u094d\u0930\u0935\u094d\u092f\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u0905\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u091c\u093e\u092f \u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930-\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092d\u093e\u0917\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0939\u0940 \u092c\u0928\u093e \u0938\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>: \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u092c\u093e\u0930, \u0930\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930, \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092a\u094d\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0964.<\/div>\n

<\/h3>\n

2.11 \u0936\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/h3>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u0936\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0930\u0947\u091c\u093c\u093f\u0928-\u0932\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u092e\u0939\u0940\u0928 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u092a\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0947 \u0917\u0930\u094d\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0915\u0947 \u0915\u0920\u094b\u0930 \u0915\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091c\u093e\u0924\u093e \u0939\u0948, \u091c\u093f\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0947 \u0936\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u092c\u0928\u0924\u0947 \u0939\u0948\u0902, \u091c\u094b \u092a\u093e\u0930\u0902\u092a\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u093e \u0909\u0928\u094d\u0928\u0924 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0924 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0932\u094d\u092a \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong>\u0938\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0930\u0923 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0940 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092c\u0947\u0939\u0924\u0930 \u0938\u0924\u0939 \u092b\u093f\u0928\u093f\u0936 \u0914\u0930 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0926\u094d\u0935\u093f\u0924\u0940\u092f\u0915 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0915\u092e\u0940\u0964 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u093f\u0937\u094d\u091f\u0924\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0938\u0947 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u092c\u0902\u0927\u093f\u0924, \u092f\u0939 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0914\u0930 \u092d\u093e\u0930\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948 \u0914\u0930 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0932\u093e\u092d\u0926\u093e\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n
\u0906\u092e \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917<\/strong>\u0917\u093f\u092f\u0930\u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0928\u0947\u0915\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0930\u0949\u0921\u094d\u0938, \u0915\u0948\u092e\u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f\u094d\u0938, \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u092c\u0949\u0921\u0940\u0964.<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n

<\/h2>\n

3. 11 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0940 \u092a\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923-\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e<\/h2>\n
\u0928\u0940\u091a\u0947 \u0926\u0940 \u0917\u0908 \u0924\u093e\u0932\u093f\u0915\u093e \u0938\u092d\u0940 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093e\u092a\u0926\u0902\u0921\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092a\u0930\u093f\u092e\u093e\u0923\u0940\u0915\u0930\u0923 \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948, \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e \u091a\u092f\u0928, \u092f\u094b\u091c\u0928\u093e \u092e\u0942\u0932\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u0914\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924 \u0932\u0947\u0916\u093e\u0902\u0915\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0915\u094d\u0937 \u0938\u0902\u0926\u0930\u094d\u092d \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u0932\u092c\u094d\u0927<\/strong>:<\/div>\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f \u0907\u0915\u093e\u0908 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0928\u094d\u092f\u0942\u0928\u0924\u092e \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u092e\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0908<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0938\u0924\u0939 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0942\u0932 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901<\/strong><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0938\u092d\u0940 \u0932\u094c\u0939 \u090f\u0935\u0902 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094c\u0939 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
5 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0917\u0930\u0940\u092c<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0928\u093f\u092e\u094d\u0928 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0936\u0941\u0926\u094d\u0927\u0924\u093e, \u0916\u0941\u0930\u0926\u0930\u0940 \u0938\u0924\u0939, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u092e\u0936\u0940\u0928\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091b\u0942\u091f<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u0915\u093e\u0902\u0938\u094d\u092f \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0926\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0917\u0941\u0939\u093e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u092c\u0928\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0905\u0938\u092e\u0930\u094d\u0925<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u0924\u094d\u092f\u0902\u0924 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e, \u091c\u0938\u094d\u0924\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0905\u0928\u094d\u092f \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
0.5 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u0924\u094d\u0915\u0943\u0937\u094d\u091f<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0906\u0902\u0924\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u091b\u093f\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093e, \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u092a\u0930 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0942 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u0924\u093f-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0947\u0928\u0932\u0947\u0938 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932, \u0938\u0941\u092a\u0930\u0905\u0932\u0949\u092f, \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
0.3 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940 \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092a\u094d\u0930\u0940\u092e\u093f\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0932\u0902\u092c\u093e \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u091a\u0915\u094d\u0930, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0928\u093f\u0930\u094d\u092e\u093e\u0923 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u092a\u094d\u0932\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u0930 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0930\u0942\u092a \u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u22651 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u092e \u0924\u093e\u092a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e, \u0915\u092e \u0926\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0924\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0915\u0947\u0928\u094d\u0926\u094d\u0930\u093e\u092a\u0938\u093e\u0930\u0915 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e, \u0924\u093e\u0902\u092c\u093e, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0940 \u0938\u092e\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0932\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e (\u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e) \/ \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a (\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0940 \u0916\u0947\u092a)<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932, \u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e, \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930 \u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0924\u0940\u0928 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0906\u0938\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u0948\u091f\u0930\u094d\u0928 \u0935\u093f\u0915\u0943\u0924\u093f<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0935\u0948\u0915\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0917\u0948\u0930-\u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u22650.8 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936, \u0915\u092e \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u0947 \u0938\u0947\u0935\u093e \u091c\u0940\u0935\u0928<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0928\u093f\u091a\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f\u0924\u0903 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u093f\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u092e\u093f\u0936\u094d\u0930\u0927\u093e\u0924\u0941\u090f\u0901<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0926\u094b \u092e\u093f\u0932\u0940\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u092f\u093e \u0909\u0938\u0938\u0947 \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0932\u091a\u0940\u0932\u093e\u092a\u0928, \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0915\u0924\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092c\u0939\u0941\u0924 \u0915\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u22658 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0928\u093f\u0930\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u0930\u094d\u0935\u094b\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0915\u0947\u0935\u0932 \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0930 \u0915\u094d\u0930\u0949\u0938-\u0938\u0947\u0915\u094d\u0936\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\u0936\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0922\u0932\u0935\u093e\u0902 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0930\u094d\u092c\u0928 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u22652.5 \u092e\u093f\u092e\u0940<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u092a\u092f\u0941\u0915\u094d\u0924<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0905\u091a\u094d\u091b\u093e<\/div>\n<\/td>\n
\n
\u0938\u0940\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u093e\u0930\u094d\u091f \u0938\u093e\u0907\u091c\u093c \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u091c\u093c\u0928, \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902\u0964<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n

4. \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u0930\u093f\u0926\u0943\u0936\u094d\u092f\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0924\u094d\u0935\u0930\u093f\u0924 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0930\u094d\u0917\u0926\u0930\u094d\u0936\u093f\u0915\u093e<\/h2>\n
\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u092a\u094d\u0930\u092f\u094b\u0917 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f, \u092a\u0948\u0930\u093e\u092e\u0940\u091f\u0930 \u0924\u0941\u0932\u0928\u093e \u0915\u0947 \u0906\u0927\u093e\u0930 \u092a\u0930 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0915\u094d\u0937\u0947\u092a\u093f\u0924 \u0915\u093f\u090f \u0917\u090f \u0939\u0948\u0902:<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908, \u092c\u0939\u0941-\u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0928, \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u091f\u094b\u091f\u093e\u0907\u092a\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/strong> \u2192 \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\/\u092e\u0948\u0917\u094d\u0928\u0940\u0936\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947, \u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e\u093f\u0924 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u2192 \u0917\u0941\u0930\u0941\u0924\u094d\u0935\u0940\u092f \u0938\u094d\u0925\u093e\u092f\u0940 \u0938\u093e\u0901\u091a\u093e \/ \u0926\u092c\u093e\u0935 \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937-\u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u092a\u0924\u0932\u0940 \u0926\u0940\u0935\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0924\u093e\u092a\u092e\u093e\u0928 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0924\u093f\u0930\u094b\u0927\u0940 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093f\u0935\u0947\u0936 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0938\u094d\u0932\u0940\u0935\u094d\u0938, \u092c\u0947\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0935\u0932\u092f\u0940\u092f \u0918\u0942\u0930\u094d\u0923\u0928 \u092d\u093e\u0917<\/strong> \u2192 \u0905\u092a\u0915\u0947\u0902\u0926\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u094d\u0935 \u0914\u0930 \u092a\u0902\u092a \u0939\u093e\u0909\u0938\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u0935\u093f\u0936\u0947\u0937 \u0906\u0915\u093e\u0930 \u0915\u0940 \u0932\u094b\u0939\u0947 \u0915\u0940 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928<\/strong> \u2192 \u0932\u0949\u0938\u094d\u091f \u092b\u094b\u092e \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u0911\u091f\u094b\u092e\u094b\u091f\u093f\u0935 \u092d\u093e\u0930 \u0935\u0939\u0928 \u0915\u0930\u0928\u0947 \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u090f\u0932\u094d\u092f\u0942\u092e\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u092e \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0918\u091f\u0915<\/strong> \u2192 \u0928\u093f\u091a\u094b\u0921\u093c \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u0938\u094d\u091f\u0940\u0932 \u092c\u093f\u0932\u0947\u091f\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0930\u093f\u092c\u093e\u0930 \u091c\u0948\u0938\u0940 \u092e\u093e\u0928\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u094b\u092b\u093e\u0907\u0932\u0947\u0902<\/strong> \u2192 \u0938\u0924\u0924 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n
\u2705 \u092e\u0927\u094d\u092f\u092e-\u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0935\u093e\u0932\u0947 \u092c\u0949\u0915\u094d\u0938 \u0914\u0930 \u0936\u093e\u092b\u094d\u091f \u0915\u0947 \u092a\u0941\u0930\u094d\u091c\u0947<\/strong> \u2192 \u0936\u0947\u0932 \u092e\u094b\u0932\u094d\u0921 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917<\/div>\n
\n
\n<\/div>\n

<\/h2>\n

5. \u0928\u093f\u0937\u094d\u0915\u0930\u094d\u0937<\/h2>\n
\u0935\u093f\u092d\u093f\u0928\u094d\u0928 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u0913\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u092c\u0940\u091a \u092e\u0941\u0916\u094d\u092f \u0905\u0902\u0924\u0930 \u092a\u093e\u0901\u091a \u092a\u094d\u0930\u092e\u0941\u0916 \u0906\u092f\u093e\u092e\u094b\u0902 \u092e\u0947\u0902 \u0928\u093f\u0939\u093f\u0924 \u0939\u0948\u0902: \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915\u0924\u093e, \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0905\u0928\u0941\u0915\u0942\u0932\u0924\u093e, \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u0938\u0940\u092e\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u094d\u0937\u092e\u0924\u093e<\/strong>. \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u0935\u0939\u093e\u0930\u093f\u0915 \u0907\u0902\u091c\u0940\u0928\u093f\u092f\u0930\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u091a\u092f\u0928 \u092e\u0947\u0902, \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092a\u094d\u0930\u0915\u094d\u0930\u093f\u092f\u093e\u090f\u0901 \u0939\u092e\u0947\u0936\u093e \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0928\u0939\u0940\u0902 \u0939\u094b\u0924\u0940\u0902\u0964 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u0924\u092e \u0938\u092e\u093e\u0927\u093e\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e, \u0938\u093e\u092e\u0917\u094d\u0930\u0940 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915\u0924\u093e\u090f\u0901, \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u092e\u093e\u0924\u094d\u0930\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u092c\u091c\u091f \u0915\u093e \u0935\u094d\u092f\u093e\u092a\u0915 \u0935\u093f\u091a\u093e\u0930 \u0906\u0935\u0936\u094d\u092f\u0915 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u0932\u093e\u0917\u0924-\u0915\u0941\u0936\u0932 \u091b\u094b\u091f\u0947 \u092c\u0948\u091a \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0930\u0947\u0924 \u0922\u0932\u093e\u0908; \u092c\u0921\u093c\u0947 \u092a\u0948\u092e\u093e\u0928\u0947 \u092a\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u093f\u0924 \u0938\u091f\u0940\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0921\u093e\u0908 \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917; \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u0938\u094d\u0924\u0930\u0940\u092f \u091c\u091f\u093f\u0932 \u0918\u091f\u0915\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0907\u0928\u094d\u0935\u0947\u0938\u094d\u091f\u092e\u0947\u0902\u091f \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917; \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u091a\u094d\u091a-\u092e\u091c\u092c\u0942\u0924 \u0938\u0902\u0930\u091a\u0928\u093e\u0924\u094d\u092e\u0915 \u092d\u093e\u0917\u094b\u0902 \u0915\u0947 \u0932\u093f\u090f \u0938\u094d\u0915\u094d\u0935\u0940\u091c\u093c \u0915\u093e\u0938\u094d\u091f\u093f\u0902\u0917 \u0915\u094b \u092a\u094d\u0930\u093e\u0925\u092e\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0926\u0940 \u091c\u093e\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964 \u092f\u0939 \u092e\u093f\u0932\u093e\u0928 \u0930\u0923\u0928\u0940\u0924\u093f \u090f\u0915 \u0938\u093e\u0925 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926 \u0915\u0940 \u0917\u0941\u0923\u0935\u0924\u094d\u0924\u093e \u0914\u0930 \u0909\u0924\u094d\u092a\u093e\u0926\u0928 \u0915\u0940 \u0906\u0930\u094d\u0925\u093f\u0915\u0924\u093e \u0915\u094b \u0905\u0927\u093f\u0915\u0924\u092e \u0915\u0930\u0924\u0940 \u0939\u0948\u0964.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Casting is one of the core near-net-shape metal forming technologies in modern equipment manufacturing. By melting metal, filling molds, cooling and finishing, it enables the mass production of large-sized, complex-structured, and multi-material metal components. As industrial products impose increasingly strict requirements on precision, surface quality, mechanical properties and manufacturing costs, different casting processes present significant […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":7444,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-technical-blog-posts"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nMainstream Metal Casting Processes: Mechanism, Quantitative Parameter Comparison & Engineering Selection Guide -PartsMastery<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/hi\/mainstream-metal-casting-processes-mechanism-quantitative-parameter-comparison-engineering-selection-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hi_IN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Mainstream Metal Casting Processes: Mechanism, Quantitative Parameter Comparison & Engineering Selection Guide -PartsMastery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Casting is one of the core near-net-shape metal forming technologies in modern equipment manufacturing. By melting metal, filling molds, cooling and finishing, it enables the mass production of large-sized, complex-structured, and multi-material metal components. As industrial products impose increasingly strict requirements on precision, surface quality, mechanical properties and manufacturing costs, different casting processes present significant […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/hi\/mainstream-metal-casting-processes-mechanism-quantitative-parameter-comparison-engineering-selection-guide\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"PartsMastery\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T06:08:29+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-06-03T06:53:19+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/partsmastery.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/7.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"561\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"PMEdit\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0926\u094d\u0935\u093e\u0930\u093e \u0932\u093f\u0916\u093f\u0924\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"PMEdit\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0905\u0928\u0941\u092e\u093e\u0928\u093f\u0924 \u092a\u0922\u093c\u0928\u0947 \u0915\u093e \u0938\u092e\u092f\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"10 \u092e\u093f\u0928\u091f\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" 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